STUDI PEREKAT SOSIAL PADA ETNIK BERPOTENSI KONFLIK SEBAGAI UPAYA MENCIPTAKAN KEHARMONISAN LINGKUNGAN SOSIAL-BUDAYA MELALUI PENDEKATAN SOCIAL CAPITAL DI KAMPUNG BALONG, KOTA SURAKARTA (Studi Kasus Etnis Cina-Jawa)
Abstract: The problem
statements of the research are as follows: (1) How are the history, process,
and development of the Chinese ethnic who resides with the local ethnic in the
residential area of Balong, Surakarta?; (2) Howfarare the conflictpotentials to
emerge, and whatconflicts alreadyhappened there?;and (3) What factors cause the
conflicts? The subjects of the research are the Chinese Ethnic and Javanese
ethnic residing in the residen tialarea ofBalong, Surakarta City. The research
used a qualitative descriptiveapproach. Itsdata sources wereinformants, places
and events, and documents/archives'. The data weregatheredby using: (1) ques tionnaire,
(2) in-depth interview, (3) participatory observation, (4) content analysis,
and (5) Focus Group Discussion. Itssamples were taken by usingproportional
stratified, purposive, and snowballsamplings. In order to obtain highly-valid
data, theywerevalidated by usingrecheckandpeer debriefing triangulations. They
werethen analyzedby usingan interactive analysis comprising four analysisstages:
(1)data gathering, (2) data reduction, (3) data display, and (4) data
verification/conclusion. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions are
made as follows: (1) the economic and politicalpressuresinthePeople'Republic
ofChina forced theChinese people toleave for South-EastAsia including Indonesia
tomake their wayinlife. The increasing number of Chinese people inSurakarta and
their increasing participation in economy made Pakubuwono IV, the King of
Surakarta (1788 - 1820) choose and decide a location for theirsettlement,
thatis, Balong. (2) The conflicts between the Chinese ethnicand the Javanese
ethnictookplace in 1980 and 1998. Thescope of the former is small,butitbrings aboutlarge
trauma to the Chinese. Meanwhile, the scope of the latter is big, butit
onlycauses a small trauma to them as therehas been a good andan intimate
relationship between the Chineseethnic and the Javaneseethnic. (3) The factors
that causedtheconflicts were: (a)socialfactor, theChinese ethnic often tends to
live in a group andhas few social interactions with other ethnics; (b) cultural
factor, the Chinese ethnic who comes to Indonesia brings their own cultures,
custom, and traditions, which are derived from Confucianism and Buddha; these
allegedly less appreciate the local cultures; and (c) economic factor, most of
the Chinese work in the field of trading, and economically theyare strongerthan
the local ethnic. This makes economic jealousy to the local ethnic.
Keywords: Conflicts between
Chinese-Javanese ethnic, social capital
Penulis: Jamal Wiwoho
Kode Jurnal: jphukumdd080113
