Metode Ketenangan Jiwa: Suatu Perbandingan antara al-Ghazâlî dan Sigmund Freud
Abstract: Al-Ghazâlî and Freud
are both concerned with the idea soul –and within itthe notion of spiritual
tranquility. They both argue that soul has qualities such as health, sickness,
tranquility, worriness, and so on, which need to be managed and organized. However,
the paradigm within which they speak of this notion is sharply different. For
al-Ghazâlî, the nature of soul is purity. Hence it tends to resort to virtue
and avoid vice. Al-Ghazâlî reckons that they are degrees of soul. But that
which is tranquil is the highest degree of soul. This soul is what he
–borrowing the Qur’an- calls al-Nafs al-Mutma’innah (the tranquil soul). For
Freud on the other hand, soul is an abstraction of man’s psychological and
physical system. It is impulsive, and tends to seek material and physical satisfaction
through sexual pleasure among others. Man in his view is a sexual being. He speaks
of the structure of soul as having three categories, namely Id, Ego and
Super-ego. It is Id -meaning lust- that dominates one’s soul. Man will acquire
tranquility once he –by means of his Ego and Super-ego- satisfied his Id.
Conversely, a failure to satisfy Id will result in a psychological disorder.
Hence the sharp contrast between al-Ghazâlî and Freud. And it is about this
contrast that this paper is concerned.
Keywords: the structure of
soul, libido-sexuality, spiritual tranquility, tazkiyat al-nafs, riyādat
al-nafs
Penulis: Abd Syakur
Kode Jurnal: jpperadabanislamdd070006
