PENINGKATAN KUALITAS SERAT DAUN PELEPAH KELAPA MELALUI PERLAKUAN ALKALI

Abstract: Research  is  done  to  analyze  treatment  (physical  and  chemical)  in  increasing  quality  of  coconut  leaves fiber.  Plot  of  coconut  leaves  fiber  research  is  done  with  determining  characteristic  of  physically  coconut  leaves, method of making single fiber, treatment technical and testing of strength. Determining of physically coconut leaves characteristic is done by observing and measuring dimension  directly and testing  water content. Then making of single fiber is done by selecting of coconut leaves, washing, drying and brushing/shaving. Treatment of physically coconut  leaves  is  begun  from  coconut  leaves  in  sheet  shape  to  single  fiber  shape.  Kind  of  physically  treatment consists of washing, soaking, natural drying and supervised drying. Washing and soaking use water. Natural drying of  coconut  leaves  is  done  when  coconut  leaves  is  sheet.  Supervised  drying  is  done  with  hot  air  in  ±45^oC  of temperature. Generation of hot air is done with heat transfer from hot water ±60^oC of temperature to air in drying pan.  The  next,  washing,  soaking  and  supervised  drying  is  done  to  prepare  coconut  leaves  that  will  be  used  to chemical treatment. Chemical treatment is done  with methode alkali. Alkali treatment to single coconut leaves fiber is done with using NaOH solution. The alkali solution is arranged with concentration variation 5%, 10% and 15%. Alkali treatment uses water as solvent. Testing of single coconut leaves fiber is done to refer JIS number R7601 for single  fiber.  Observing  and  measuring  shows  that  coconut  leave  stem  has  ±230  of  coconut  leaves.  Measuring dimension shows that coconut leaves width have ±1 cm in coconut leaves tip, ±4 cm in coconut leaves center  and ±2 cm in coconut leaves stem tip. Water content of coconut leaves can reach ± 50%. Method of making single fiber show that brushing or shaving will be effective when coconut leave is rather dry. Then testing of tensile shows that alkali treatment is trend to increase strength and elongation. The increasing of coconut leaves quality (strength and elongation) will be optimum in concentration 10% of NaOH.

Key word: coconut leaves, treatment, alkali

Penulis: Seno Darmanto, Yusuf Umardani, Heny Kusumayanti

Kode Jurnal: jptmesindd090101

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