Risk factors of low peak bone mass in Indonesian women
Abstract: Osteoporosis
occurred in 64% of Indonesian women aged 60-64 years. The risk of osteoporosis
can be reduced by achieving optimal peak bone mass in ages 25-32 years.
However, 33.4% women had low peak bone mass (LPBM).
Objective: We aimed to develop a tool to identify women at risk of
developing LPBM in order to ameliorate this situation. Some risk/protective
factors were explored in a case-control study.
Method: We recruited 25 cases, those with LPBM (T-score <1) according
to peripheral bone densitometry and 25 controls from Cengkareng District, West
Jakarta. They were assessed using questionnaires to explore their historical
intake of calcium, tea/coffee, and weight-bearing activity. We also measured
BMI and body composition. Parameters among case and control groups were
analyzed using independent T-test or Mann-Whitney, and odds ratio in relation
to peak bone mass was also computed.
Results: Between cases and controls, there were no differences observed
in BMI, body composition, weight-bearing activity, and historical tea/coffee
consumption. Calcium intake from sources other than milk and its derivatives
were also found not to differ. Historical calcium index (HCI), measuring weekly
calcium intake since childhood, was found lower in cases (median=160 vs 965;
p=0.001). HCI cut-off analysis found that the values of 300 and 1000 yielded
good specificity (80%) and sensitivity (92%) for LPBM. OR analysis identified
those with HCI <1000 (OR=0.61; 95% CI: 2.05−54.95) as at moderate risk of
developing LPBM, and HCI ≤ 300 as at higher risk.
Conclusion: We concluded that, as low HCI was the risk factor for
developing LPBM, calculation of HCI should be done to earlier identify women at
risk, thus prompting earlier nutrition and lifestyle intervention to prevent
the occurrence of LPBM and future osteoporosis.
Keywords: women; peak bone
mass; calcium intake; body composition; osteoporosis; prevention
Penulis: Ray Sugianto
Kode Jurnal: jpkesmasdd140751
