Status kesehatan mulut dan asupan makan sebagai faktor risiko underweight pada lansia
Abstract: Oral health status
and dietary intake contribute to nutritional status in elderly. Missing teeth
cause chewing disorder that reduces quality and quantity of food intake, which
finally makes the elderly have underweight nutritional status.
Objective: To determine the risk factors for underweight in the elderly
at Yogyakarta Municipality.
Method: The study was observational with case control design on elderly
at Yogyakarta Municipality. Subjects consisted of 210 elderly matched in age
and gender. Sampling was done by multistage random sampling. Oral health status
was assessed through dental health status (index of missing teeth) and
periodontal status (gingival index, periodontal index and oral hygiene index),
dietary intake was collected by using semi quantitative food frequency
questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and underweight nutritional status was based on body
mass armspan (BMA). Data were analyzed by using tests of X2 Mc.Nemar, X2 Stuart
Maxwell, and conditional logistic regression.
Results: Bivariate analysis showed the number of missing teeth ≥ 21
(OR=3.67, p<0.05) and 16-20 (OR=3.53, p<0.05) as risk factors of
underweight, whereas the gingival index, periodontal index and oral hygiene
index were not. Less intake of energy (OR=6.3), protein (OR=7.83), fat
(OR=5.67) and carbohydrates (OR=7.5) were risk factors of underweight
(p<0.01). Income less than Rp 808.000,00 was also risk factor for
underweight (OR=4.5; p<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed the significant
risk factors for underweight were the missing teeth ≥ 21 (OR=8.76) and 16-20
(OR=6.04) which increased by income less than Rp 808.000,00 (OR=5.94), less fat
intake (OR=4.88), and less carbohydrate intake (OR=5.48). Income was
confounding factor in the risk of missing teeth and protein intake for becoming
underweight.
Conclusion: Significant risk factors of underweight in elderly were
missing teeth ≥ 16, less intake of fat and carbohydrate, and income less than
Rp 808.000,00.
Keywords: elderly;
underweight; oral health status; dietary intake
Penulis: Dian Isti Angraini
Kode Jurnal: jpkesmasdd130679