Faktor risiko osteoporosis pada wanita usia 40-80 tahun: status menopause dan obesitas
Abstract: Osteoporosis is a
disease of the musculoskeletal system which are common in women. Menopausal
status which affects the production of oestrogen and obesity status that
describes mass and distribution of body fat have the potential to affect bone
density, which in turn may have an impact on the incidence of osteoporosis.
Objective: To analyze the menopausal and obesity status as risk factors
for osteoporosis in women aged 40-80 years.
Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 224 women aged 40-80 years
in Ngemplak Simongan, Semarang. Status of obesity was determined by percent of
body fat, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio
(WHR). Menopausal status was determined based on the occurrence of menstruation
in the past one year, and the age was calculated from the difference between
date of birth and date of measurement. Bone density was assessed frombone
mineral density measurement. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used
to determine the relationship and the most influential factors. The risk was
expressed in ratio prevalence (RP).
Results: The prevalence of low bone density and obesity in each age
range, were 43.8% and 57.9% for ages 40-50 years, 67.7% and 58.6% for ages
51-60 years, 84.9% and 49.1% for ages 61-70 year, 86.7% and 66.7% for ages
71-80 years. There were significant relationships between age, menopausal
status, BMI, WHR and bone density (p=0.000, p=0.032, p=0.043, p=0.017,
respectively). Osteoporosis (13.3%) and osteopenia (58.7%) were most widely
experienced by subjects with high WHR and menopause. Percentage of osteopenia
in high WHR and non-menopause subjects (60%) was higher than normal WHR and
menopause subjects (52.9%). Age 61-80 years, high WHR, and non-obese BMI were
the most influenced risk factorsfor the incidence of low bone density (p=0.001,
p=0.038, p=0.043). Ratio prevalence of elderly, high WHR and non-obese BMI were
1.448, 1.326, 1.208.
Conclusion: High WHR explains the role of android obesity and visceral
fat as risk factors for low bone density. Premenopausal women will be more at
risk of having low bone density if they have high WHR.
Keywords: BMI; bone density;
menopause; obesity; WHR
Penulis: Fillah Fithra Dieny
Kode Jurnal: jpkesmasdd170543
