Identification of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Active Compound in Medicinal Forest Plants
Abstract: Cardiovascular
disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, hypercholesterolemia is one of
the causes. Three medicinal forest plants are potential natural resources to be
developed as cholesterol-reducing herbal product, but scientific informations
on their mechanism is still limited. The objective of this research is to
explore the potency of the leaf of Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia), Jabon
(Antocephalus macrophyllus), and Mindi (Melia azedarach) as inhibitor of
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), a key enzyme in the regulation of cholesterol
biosynthesis.Samples were macerated in ethanol 96% and the filtrate was
partitioned using n-hexane and chloroform to obtainthe ethanolic flavonoid
extract. The effect of each extracts on the HMG-CoA reductase activity were
analyzed using HMGR assay kit. At concentration of 10 ppm the G.ulmifolia
ethanolic extract showed the highest inhibitory activity as well as pravastatin
control inhibitor. The phenolic content of the ethanolic extracts of G.ulmifolia,
A.macrophyllus, and M.azedarach were: 11.00, 34.83, and 13.67 mg gallic acid
AE/g dried leaves, respectively. The flavonoid content of the ethanolic
extracts of G.ulmifolia, A.macrophyllus, and M.azedarach were: 0.22, 0.64, and
0.78 mg QE/g dried leaves, respectively. Interestingly, G.ulmifolia extract the
lowestconcentration of phenolic and flavonoid content. HPLC analysis showed
that all samples contain quercetin at similiar small concentrations (6.7%,
6.6%, and 7.0% for G.ulmifolia, A.macrophyllus, and M.azedarach, respectively).
This indicating other active compounds may play some roles in this inhibitory
action on HMG-CoA reductase activity. Further identification using LC-MS/MS
showed that G.ulmifolia flavonoid extract contained an unidetified coumpound
with molecural weight of 380.0723 Da.
Keywords: G. ulmifolia; A.
macrophyllus; M.azedarach; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; in vitro assay
Penulis: Shelly Rahmania,
Sulistiyani, Arthur A Lelono
Kode Jurnal: jpfarmasidd170548
